皮肤病变活检

定义

A skin lesion biopsy is when a small amount of skin is removed so it can be examined. The skin is tested to look for skin conditions or diseases. A skin biopsy can help your health care provider diagnose or rule out problems such as 皮肤癌 or 牛皮癣.

选择的名字

皮肤活组织检查; Shave biopsy - skin; Punch biopsy - skin; Excisional biopsy - skin; Incisional biopsy - skin; Skin cancer - biopsy; 黑素瘤 - biopsy; Squamous cell cancer - biopsy; Basal cell cancer - biopsy

如何执行测试

Most procedures can be done in your provider's office or an outpatient medical office. 有几种方法可以做皮肤活检. Which procedure you have depends on the location, size, and type of lesion. 病变是皮肤的异常区域. This can be a lump, sore, or an area of skin color that is not normal.

Before a biopsy, your provider will numb the area of skin so you don't feel anything. The different types of skin biopsies are described below.

刮胡子活组织检查

• Your provider uses a small blade or razor to remove or scrape the outermost layers of skin.
• 全部或部分病变被切除.
• 你不需要缝针. This procedure will leave a small indented area.
• This type of biopsy is often done when a 皮肤癌 被怀疑, or a rash that seems to be limited to the top layer of skin.

打孔切片

• Your provider uses a cookie cutter-like skin punch tool to remove deeper layers of skin. The area removed is about the shape and size of a pencil eraser.
• If an infection or immune disorder 被怀疑, your provider may perform more than one biopsy. One of the biopsies is examined under the microscope, the other is sent to the lab for testing such as for germs (皮肤文化).
• 它包括全部或部分病变. 你可能需要缝合伤口.
• This type of biopsy is often done to diagnose 皮疹.

切除活组织检查

• A surgeon uses a surgical knife (scalpel) to remove the entire lesion. This may include deep layers of skin and fat.
• The area is closed with stitches to place the skin back together.
• If a large area is biopsied, the surgeon may use a 皮肤移植或皮瓣 用来替换被切除的皮肤.
• This type of biopsy is most commonly done when a kind of 皮肤癌 called 黑素瘤 被怀疑.

切口活检

• This procedure takes a piece of a large lesion.
• A piece of the growth is cut and sent to the lab for examination. 如果需要的话，你可以缝针.
• After diagnosis, the rest of the growth can be treated.
• This type of biopsy is most commonly done to help diagnose skin ulcers or diseases that involve the tissue below the skin, 比如脂肪组织.

如何准备考试

告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜:

• 关于你正在服用的药物, 包括维生素和补品, 草药, 非处方药
• 如果你有的话 过敏
• 如果你有 出血 problems or take a blood thinner drug such as aspirin, 华法令阻凝剂, 氯吡格雷, dabigatran, apixaban, 或者其他药物
• 如果你怀孕了或认为你可能怀孕了

Follow your provider's instructions on how to prepare for the biopsy.

为什么要进行测试

你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会要求你做皮肤活检:

• 诊断皮疹的原因
• To make sure a skin growth or skin lesion is not 皮肤癌
  

正常的结果

The tissue that was removed is examined under a microscope. Results are most often returned in a few days to a week or more.

If a skin lesion is benign (not cancer), you may not need any further treatment. If the whole skin lesion was not removed at the time of biopsy, you and your provider may decide to completely remove it.

异常结果意味着什么

Once the biopsy confirms the diagnosis, your provider will start a treatment plan. A few of the skin problems that may be diagnosed are:

• 牛皮癣 或者皮炎
• 细菌或真菌感染
• 黑素瘤
• 基底细胞皮肤癌
• 鳞状细胞皮肤癌

风险

皮肤活检的风险包括:

• 感染
• 疤痕或 瘢痕疙瘩

You will bleed slightly during the procedure.

注意事项

You will go home with a bandage over the area. The biopsy area may be tender for a few days afterward. 你可能会有少量出血.

Depending on what type of biopsy you had, you will be given instructions on how to care for:

• 皮肤活检区
• 缝针，如果你有的话
• 皮肤移植或皮瓣，如果你有的话

目的是保持该区域的清洁和干燥. Be careful not to bump or stretch the skin near the area, which can cause 出血. 如果你有 stitches, they will be taken out in about 3 to 14 days.

如果你有 moderate 出血, apply pressure to the area for 10 minutes or so. If the 出血 does not stop, call your provider right away. You should also call your provider if you have signs of infection, such as:

• 更多的红肿或疼痛
• Drainage coming from or around the incision that is thick, 棕褐色, 绿色, 或黄色, 或者闻起来很难闻(脓)
• 发热

一旦伤口愈合，你可能会留下疤痕.

参考文献

Dinulos JGH. 皮肤外科手术. 见:Dinulos JGH，编辑. Habif's Clinical 皮肤病学: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 27.

High WA, Tomasini CF, Argenziano G, Zalaudek I. 皮肤病学基本原理. In: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, eds. 皮肤病学. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 0.

Pfenninger杰. 皮肤活组织检查. 见:福勒GC编. Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for 初级护理. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 26.