Mononucleosis spot test

定义

The 单核细胞增多症 spot test looks for 2 抗体 在血液里. These 抗体 appear during or after an infection with the virus that causes 单核细胞增多症, 或单一.

选择的名字

Monospot test; Heterophile antibody test; Heterophile agglutination test; Paul-Bunnell test; Forssman antibody test

How the Test is Performed

A 血液样本 是必要的.

How to Prepare for the Test

No special preparation is necessary.

How the Test will Feel

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.

Why the Test is Performed

The 单核细胞增多症 spot test is done when symptoms of 单核细胞增多症 存在. Common symptoms include:

• 乏力
• 发热
• Large spleen (possibly)
• 喉咙痛
• Tender lymph nodes along the back of the neck

This test looks for 抗体 called heterophile 抗体, which form in the body during the infection.

正常的结果

A negative test means there were no heterophile 抗体 detected. Most of the time, this means you do not have infectious 单核细胞增多症.

有时, the test may be negative because it was done too soon (within 1 to 2 weeks) after the illness started. Your health care provider may repeat the test to make sure you do not have mono.

What Abnormal Results Mean

A positive test means heterophile 抗体 存在. These are most often a sign of 单核细胞增多症. Your provider will also consider other blood test results and your symptoms. A small number of people with 单核细胞增多症 may never have a positive test.

The highest number of 抗体 occurs 2 to 5 weeks after mono begins. They may be present for up to 1 year.

In rare cases, the test is positive even though you do not have mono. This is called a false-positive result, and it may occur in people with:

• 肝炎
• Leukemia or lymphoma
• 风疹
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• 弓形体病

风险

Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a 血液样本 from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• Excessive bleeding
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Hematoma (blood buildup under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

球JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. 淋巴系统. In: Ball JW; Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. Siedel’s Guide to Physical Examination. 10日艾德. 密苏里州圣路易斯: Elsevier; 2023:chap 10.

Johannsen EC, Kaye KM. 巴尔病毒 (infectious 单核细胞增多症, Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignant diseases, and other diseases). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ，编辑. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 138.

温伯格 JB. 巴尔病毒. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM，编. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 281.