Extremity x射线

定义

一个极端 x射线 is an image of the hands, 手腕, 脚, 脚踝, 腿, 大腿, forearm humerus or upper arm, 臀部, shoulder or all of these areas. The term "extremity" often refers to a human limb.

X-rays are a form of radiation that passes through the body to form an image on film. Structures that are dense (such as bone) will appear white. Air will be black, and other structures will be shades of gray.

How the Test is Performed

The test is done in a hospital radiology department or in the health care provider's office. The x射线 is done by an x射线 technologist.

You will need to hold still as the x射线 is taken. You may be asked to change position, so more x射线s can be taken.

How to Prepare for the Test

Tell your provider if you are pregnant. Remove all jewelry from the area being imaged.

In general, there is no discomfort. You may be slightly uncomfortable while the 腿 or arm is put in place for the x射线.

Why the Test is Performed

Your provider may order this test if you have signs of:

• A 骨折
• 肿瘤
• 关节炎 (inflammation of the joints)
• A foreign body (such as a piece of metal)
• An infection of the bone (osteomyelitis)
• Delayed growth in a child

Normal Results

The x射线 shows normal structures for the age of the person.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may be due to:

• Bone conditions that get worse over time (degenerative)
• 骨肿瘤
• Broken bone (骨折)
• Dislocated bone
• Osteomyelitis (感染)
• 关节炎

Other conditions for which the test may be performed:

• 畸形足
• To detect foreign objects in the body

风险

There is low-level radiation exposure. X-rays are monitored and regulated to provide the smallest amount of radiation exposure needed to make the image. Most experts feel that the risk is low compared with the benefits.

Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks of an x射线.

参考文献

凯利DM. Congenital anomalies of the lower extremity. In: Azar FM, Beaty JH, eds. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 14日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 29.

金女士. Imaging of extremity trauma. In: Torigian DA, Ramchandani P, eds. Radiology Secrets Plus. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 45.

Laoteppitaks C. Compartment syndrome evaluation. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts and Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 54.