Cerebral angiography

Definition

脑血管造影是一种使用特殊染料(造影剂)和x射线来观察血液如何流经大脑的程序.

Alternative Names

Vertebral angiogram; Angiography - head; Carotid angiogram; Cervicocerebral catheter-based angiography; Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography; IADSA

How the Test is Performed

脑血管造影在十大赌博平台排行榜或放射中心进行.

• You lie on an x-ray table.
• 你的头用带子、胶带或沙袋固定住，所以在手术过程中你不会移动它.
• 在测试开始前，十大赌博平台排行榜会给你一剂温和的镇静剂来帮助你放松.
• An electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors your heart activity during the test. 被称为引线的粘性贴片将放在你的手臂和腿上. Wires connect the leads to the ECG machine.

An area of your body, usually the groin, 用局部麻醉药(麻醉剂)清洗并麻醉。. 一根被称为导管的中空细管穿过动脉. 导管小心地向上移动，穿过腹部和胸部的主要血管，进入颈部的动脉. x光帮助放射科十大赌博平台排行榜将导管引导到正确的位置.

一旦导管就位，染料就会通过导管输送. 用x射线成像来观察染料是如何通过大脑的动脉和血管的. The dye helps highlight any blockages in blood flow.

Sometimes, 电脑会移除图像上的骨骼和组织, 这样就只能看到充满染料的血管. This is called digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

After the x-rays are taken, the catheter is withdrawn. 在腿部插入部位施加压力10至15分钟以止血或使用装置关闭小孔. A tight bandage is then applied. 手术后，你的腿应该保持直立2到6个小时. 至少在接下来的12小时内观察出血部位. 在极少数情况下，使用腕动脉代替腹股沟动脉.

Angiography with a catheter is used less often now. This is because MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) and CT angiography give clearer images.

How to Prepare for the Test

在手术之前，你的医疗保健提供者会给你做检查并安排血液测试.

Tell your provider if you:

• 有出血史或服用血液稀释剂
• 是否对x射线造影剂或任何碘物质过敏
• May be pregnant
• Have kidney function problems

你可能会被告知在测试前4到8小时不要吃或喝任何东西.

当你到达测试地点时，你会穿一件病号服. You must remove all jewelry.

How the Test will Feel

The x-ray table may feel hard and cold. You may ask for a blanket or pillow.

有些人在服用麻药时感到刺痛. 当导管进入体内时，你会感到一阵短暂的剧痛和压力. 一旦初始放置完成，您将不再感觉到导管.

这种对比可能会引起面部或头部皮肤的温暖或灼烧感. 这是正常的，通常会在几秒钟内消失.

测试后，注射部位可能会有轻微的压痛和瘀伤.

Why the Test is Performed

脑血管造影最常用于识别或确认脑内或周围血管的问题.

如果您有以下症状或体征，您的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会要求您进行此测试:

• 脑血管异常(血管畸形)
• Bulging blood vessel in the brain (aneurysm)
• Narrowing of the arteries in the brain
• 脑血管的炎症(血管炎)

It is sometimes used to:

• Look at blood flow to a tumor.
• 术前检查头颈部动脉.
• Find a clot that may have caused a stroke. 

In some cases, 这个程序可以用来获得更详细的信息后，异常已被核磁共振或 CT scan of the head.

这项测试也可用于准备医学治疗(interventional radiology procedures) by way of certain blood vessels. 例如，这项测试可以作为中风或脑动脉瘤治疗的一部分.

What Abnormal Results Mean

造影剂从血管流出可能是出血的征兆.

Narrowed or blocked arteries may suggest:

• Cholesterol deposits
• A spasm of a brain artery
• Inherited disorders
• Blood clots causing a stroke

Out of place blood vessels may be due to:

• Brain tumors
• Bleeding within the skull
• Aneurysm
• 脑内动脉和静脉之间的异常连接(arteriovenous malformation)

不正常的结果也可能是由于身体其他部位的癌症已经扩散到大脑(metastatic brain tumor).

Risks

Complications may include:

• Allergic reaction to the contrast dye
• 导管插入处有血块或出血, 这可能会部分阻碍血液流向腿部或手部(罕见)
• Damage to an artery or artery wall from the catheter, which can block blood flow and cause a stroke (rare)
• Damage to the kidneys from the IV contrast

Considerations

Tell your provider right away if you have:

• Weakness in your face muscles
• Numbness in your leg during or after the procedure
• Slurred speech during or after the procedure
• Vision problems during or after the procedure

References

Adamczyk P, Liebeskind DS. 血管成像:计算机断层血管造影、磁共振血管造影和超声. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ，编辑. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 41.

Barras CD, Bhattacharya JJ. 脑成像的现状和解剖特征. 见:Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM，编. Grainger & 艾利森诊断放射学:医学影像教科书. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 53.

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. 脑血管造影(脑血管造影)-诊断. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:309-310.