血糖测试

定义

A blood sugar test measures the amount of a sugar called glucose in a sample of your blood.

Glucose is a major source of energy for most cells of the body, including brain cells. 葡萄糖是碳水化合物的基本成分. Carbohydrates are found in fruit, cereal, bread, pasta, and rice. Carbohydrates are quickly turned into glucose in your body. 这会提高你的血糖水平.

The hormone insulin made in the body helps control the blood glucose level.

选择的名字

Random blood sugar; Blood sugar level; Fasting blood sugar; Glucose test; Diabetic screening - blood sugar test; Diabetes - blood sugar test

如何执行测试

需要血液样本.

如何准备考试

测试可以通过以下方式进行:

• After you have not eaten anything for at least 8 hours (fasting)
• 在一天中的任何时间(随机)
• 在你喝下一定量的葡萄糖两小时后(口服葡萄糖耐量试验)

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. 其他人只感到刺痛或刺痛. 之后，可能会有一些悸动或轻微的瘀伤. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

Your health care provider may order this test if you have signs of 糖尿病. More than likely, the provider will order a fasting blood sugar test.

The blood glucose test is also used to monitor people who already have 糖尿病.

如果你有以下情况，也可以做这个测试:

• 你需要排尿的频率增加
• 最近体重增加了很多
• 视力模糊
• Confusion or a change in the way you normally talk or behave
• 晕厥
• 癫痫发作(第一次)
• 无意识或昏迷

糖尿病筛查

This test may also be used to screen a person for 糖尿病.

High blood sugar and 糖尿病 may not cause symptoms in the early stages. A fasting blood sugar test is the most common test done to screen for 糖尿病, 通常从35岁开始. 如果你没有其他糖尿病风险因素, 你应该每3年检查一次(在某些情况下), 如果你的体重在增加，就会更频繁).

If you're overweight and have any of the other risk factors below, ask your provider about getting tested at an earlier age and more often:

• 之前的测试显示血糖水平很高
• Blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher, or unhealthy cholesterol levels
• 心脏病史
• 高危种族的成员(非裔美国人), 拉丁美洲人, 印第安人, 亚裔美国人, 或太平洋岛民)
• Woman who has been previously diagnosed with gestational 糖尿病
• Polycystic ovary disease (condition in which a woman has an imbalance of female sex hormones which may cause cysts in the ovaries)
• Close relative with 糖尿病 (such as a parent, brother, or sister)
• 身体不活跃

Children age 10 and older who are overweight and have at least two of the risk factors listed above should be tested for type 2 糖尿病 every 3 years, 即使他们没有任何症状.

正常的结果

If you had a fasting blood glucose test, a level between 70 and 100 mg/dL (3.9和5.6mmol /L)被认为是正常的.

If you had a random blood glucose test, a normal result depends on when you last ate. Most of the time, the blood glucose level will be 125 mg/dL (6.9毫摩尔/升)或更低.

The examples above show the common measurements for results of these tests. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different specimens. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

Blood glucose measured by a blood test from a vein is considered more accurate than blood glucose measured from a fingerstick with a blood glucose meter, 或者用连续血糖监测仪测量血糖.

异常结果意味着什么

如果你做了空腹血糖测试:

• 100至125毫克/分升(5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) means you have impaired fasting glucose, a type of pre糖尿病. This increases your risk of developing type 2 糖尿病 and you should consult with your provider.
• A level of 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher usually means you have 糖尿病.

如果你做一个随机的血糖测试:

• A level of 200 mg/dL (11 mmol/L) or higher often means you have 糖尿病.
• 十大赌博平台排行榜会给你做空腹血糖测试， 糖化血红蛋白检测, or 葡萄糖耐量试验这取决于你的随机血糖测试结果.
• 对于糖尿病患者来说, an abnormal result on the random blood glucose test may mean that the 糖尿病 is not well controlled. Talk with your provider about your blood glucose goals if you have 糖尿病.

Other medical problems can also cause a higher-than-normal blood glucose level, including:

• 甲状腺过度活跃
• 胰腺癌
• 胰腺肿胀和发炎(胰腺炎)
• 由于创伤、中风、心脏病发作或手术造成的压力
• 罕见肿瘤，包括 嗜铬细胞瘤, 肢端肥大症, 库欣综合症, or 细胞瘤

血糖低于正常水平(低血糖症)可能是由于:

• 垂体机能减退 (脑下垂体紊乱)
• 甲状腺功能减退 或者肾上腺
• 胰腺肿瘤(胰岛瘤 -非常罕见)
• 食物太少
• 胰岛素或其他糖尿病药物过量
• 肝脏或肾脏疾病
• 减肥手术后的体重下降
• 剧烈运动

Some medicines can raise or lower your blood glucose level. Before having the test, tell your provider about all the medicines you are taking.

For some people, mainly those who are thin and young, a fasting blood sugar level below 70 mg/dL (3.9mmol /L)可能是正常的.

风险

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• 昏厥或感到头晕
• 多次穿刺定位静脉
• 血肿(皮肤下积血)
• 感染(任何时候皮肤破裂都有轻微风险)

参考文献

ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR，等. 2. Classification and diagnosis of 糖尿病: standards of care in 糖尿病-2023. 糖尿病护理. 16 2023; 46 (5): S19-S40. PMID: 36507649 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 36507649 /.

US Preventive Services Task Force; Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for pre糖尿病 and type 2 糖尿病: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. 《十大赌博平台排行榜》. 2021;326(8):736-743. PMID: 34427594 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 34427594 /.