钡灌肠

定义

钡灌肠是一种特殊的 x射线 of the large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum.

选择的名字

Lower gastrointestinal series; Lower GI series; Colorectal cancer - lower GI series; Colorectal cancer - barium enema; 克罗恩病 - lower GI series; 克罗恩病 - barium enema; Intestinal blockage - lower GI series; Intestinal blockage - barium enema

如何执行测试

This test may be done in a health care provider's office or hospital radiology department. It is done after your colon is completely empty and clean. Your provider will give you instructions for cleansing your colon.

测试过程中:

• You lie flat on your back on the x射线 table. 照x光片.
• 然后侧身躺下. The provider gently inserts a well-lubricated tube (enema tube) into your rectum. The tube is connected to a bag that holds a liquid containing barium sulfate. This is a contrast material that highlights specific areas in the colon, creating a clear image.
• The barium flows into your colon. 拍x光片. A small balloon at the tip of the enema tube may be inflated to help keep the barium inside your colon. The provider monitors the flow of the barium on an x射线 screen.
• Sometimes a small amount of air is delivered into the colon to expand it. This allows for even clearer images. This test is called a double contrast barium enema.
• You are asked to move into different positions. The table will move up and down to get different views. At certain times when the x射线 pictures are taken, you are told to hold your breath and be still for a few seconds so the images will not be blurry.
• The enema tube is removed after the x射线s are taken.
• You are then given a bedpan or helped to the toilet, so you can empty your bowels and remove as much of the barium as possible. Afterward, 1 or 2 more x射线s may be taken.

如何准备考试

Your bowels need to be completely empty for the exam. If they are not empty, the test may miss a problem in your large intestine.

You will be given instructions for cleansing your bowel using an enema or laxatives. This is also called bowel preparation. 严格按照说明操作.

For 1 to 3 days before the test, you need to be on a clear liquid diet. 透明液体的例子有:

• 清咖啡或茶
• 无脂清汤或肉汤
• 明胶
• 运动饮料
• 过滤果汁
• 水

考试的感觉如何

When barium enters your colon, you may feel like you need to have a bowel movement. 你也可能有:

• 充实的感觉
• 中度到重度抽筋
• 全身不舒服

Taking long, deep breaths may help you relax during the procedure.

It is normal for the stools to be white for a few days after this test. Drink extra fluids for 2 to 4 days. Ask your provider about a laxative if you develop hard stools.

为什么要进行测试

钡灌肠用于:

• 检测或筛选 结肠癌
• 诊断或监控 溃疡性结肠炎 or 克罗恩病
• Diagnose the cause of blood in stools, diarrhea, or very hard stools (constipation)

The barium enema test is used much less often than in the past. 结肠镜检查 现在做得更多了吗. 另一个选择, CT结肠镜，也被使用过.

正常的结果

Barium should fill the colon evenly, showing normal bowel shape and position and no blockages.

异常结果意味着什么

Abnormal test results may be a sign of:

• Blockage of the large intestine
• Narrowing of the colon above the rectum (巨结肠疾病 在婴儿)
• 克罗恩病 or 溃疡性结肠炎
• 结肠或直肠的癌症
• Sliding of one part of the intestine into another (肠套叠)
• Small growths that stick out of the lining of the colon, called 息肉
• Small, bulging sacs or pouches of the inner lining of the intestine, called 憩室
• 肠袢扭曲(肠扭结)

风险

There is low radiation exposure. X-rays are monitored so that the smallest amount of radiation is used. Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to x射线 risks.

参考文献

Boone D, Plumb A, Taylor SA. 大肠. In: Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM, eds. 格兰杰 & 艾利森诊断放射学. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 22.

Rubesin SE. Barium studies of the small bowel. 在:戈尔RM, ed. Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology. 5日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 24.

US Preventive Services Task Force website. 最终建议声明. 结直肠癌:筛检. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening. 2021年5月18日发布. 2023年4月12日访问.