吸烟与心脏病
而导致吸烟者死亡的主要原因并非如此 肺癌 -是心脏病.
Of the 404,000 deaths annually caused by smoking, 142,600 are due to 心 和 血管疾病. Of the 53,000 nonsmoker deaths due to secondh和 smoke, about 40,000 are due to 心 disease.
More than half of the 心 attacks in women younger than 50 are related to smoking. 与癌症相比, where the damage caused by smoking develops slowly 和 can be reversed if a person stops smoking, much of the damage caused by smoking happens immediately.
While stopping smoking is beneficial at all ages, the sooner you quit, the greater the benefits. A smoker who quits by age 30 returns to the mortality patterns of a nonsmoker. Smoking cessation yields rapid benefits in terms of 心 disease; cardiac function starts to improve within a day, 和 half the excess risk of myocardial infarction (心 attack) is gone in one year.
建立你戒烟的动力
While 70 percent of smokers say they want to quit smoking, only about 20 percent report wanting to quit in the next 30 days. If you are not yet ready to quit, you can still take steps to move forward in the process. 例如:
- Read information on the health benefits of quitting smoking. Make a list of the benefits that are important to you.
- Identify the risks of tobacco use that most concern you.
- Track the number of cigarettes you smoke each day to become more aware of your use of tobacco 和 to identify ways to limit your smoking.
- Talk with your doctor to learn more about available treatments for quitting.
- Talk with friends who have quit smoking 和 ask them how they did it.
- 让你的家和车成为无烟区. 这将提高你对吸烟的认识, 保护你的朋友和家人远离二手烟, 并支持你戒烟的努力.
戒烟治疗
It is now widely known that nicotine is as addictive as heroin 和 causes release of the "pleasure chemical" dopamine 和 other neurotransmitters in the brain within minutes of the first puff.
Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome is a well-studied disorder 和 is characterized by anxiety, 易怒, 不安, 渴望和消极情绪. 换句话说, smokers who are quitting 和 experience this syndrome have developed an acute medical disorder 和 should receive medications (nicotine replacement therapy, 安非他酮, 或伐仑克林)来缓解这种不适, just as any other patient with temporary acute symptoms would.
Quitting "cold turkey" is only likely to be 2 to 5 percent successful at one year – medications increase this success rate five- to seven-fold or more. Why struggle without medications that are proven to be beneficial?
Through behavioral counseling 和 appropriate use of medications, 你可以提高戒烟的几率.
与二十年前相比, tobacco users now are able to select from many treatment options for quitting. An analysis of over 8,700 published articles revealed two clear treatment-related themes:
- The use of approved medications for cessation increases the likelihood of quitting.
- The effects of medications for cessation are substantially increased when coupled with behavioral interventions. Behavioral interventions include counseling from a doctor or other health care provider, 一个戒烟小组和戒烟热线. Quitlines are toll-free numbers with counseling available 24 hours a day.
全国戒烟热线电话是1-800-QUIT NOW.
网上戒烟资源包括 www.无烟.政府.
以上信息来自 UCSF Rx for Change 戒烟医学课程材料.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only 和 is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.